:root {
    --primary-blue: #1e3a8a;
    --secondary-blue: #3b82f6;
    --accent-blue: #60a5fa;
    --light-blue: #dbeafe;
    --dark-blue: #1e40af;
    --text-dark: #1f2937;
    --text-light: #6b7280;
    --white: #ffffff;
    --light-gray: #f8fafc;
    --border-color: #e5e7eb;
    --gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e3a8a 0%, #3b82f6 100%);
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 8px 10px -6px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
}

img {
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
  user-drag: none;
  user-select: none;
}

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    background-color: var(--white);
    overflow-x: hidden;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: 100%;
}

body.menu-open {
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Image loading animation */
img {
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in;
}

/* img[loading="lazy"] {
    opacity: 0;
} */

img[loading="lazy"].loaded,
img[loading="eager"] {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Header & Navigation */
.header {
    /* background: var(--gradient); */
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.header::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 20"><defs><radialGradient id="a" cx="50%" cy="0%" r="50%"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="%23ffffff" stop-opacity="0.1"/><stop offset="100%" stop-color="%23ffffff" stop-opacity="0"/></radialGradient></defs><rect width="100" height="20" fill="url(%23a)"/></svg>');
    opacity: 0.1;
}

.navbar {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    background: rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.95);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: 1500px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.2rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.logo .iitb-logo {
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.logo i {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-menu a {
    color: var(--white);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
}

.nav-menu a:hover,
.nav-menu a.active {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Dropdown Styles */
.dropdown {
    position: relative;
}

.dropdown-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--white);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown-toggle:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.dropdown-toggle i {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-toggle i {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.dropdown-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    min-width: 200px;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1000;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-menu li {
    list-style: none;
}

.dropdown-menu a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    margin: 0.2rem;
}

.dropdown-menu a:hover {
    background: var(--light-blue);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.hamburger {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.hamburger:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.hamburger span {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--white);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    position: relative;
    height: 70vh;
    width: 80%;
    max-width: 1400px;
    min-height: 500px;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 80px auto 0;
    background: var(--light-gray);
}

.hero-carousel {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    transition: transform 0.8s ease-in-out;
    background: var(--light-gray);
}

.hero-slide {
    min-width: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--light-gray);
}

.hero-slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    display: block;
}


/* Carousel Navigation */
.carousel-nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    z-index: 10;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.carousel-prev,
.carousel-next {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    color: var(--white);
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    pointer-events: all;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.carousel-prev:hover,
.carousel-next:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.carousel-prev:active,
.carousel-next:active {
    transform: scale(0.95);
}

/* Carousel Dots */
.carousel-dots {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 2rem;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    z-index: 10;
}

.dot {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
}

.dot:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    transform: scale(1.2);
}

.dot.active {
    background: var(--white);
    border-color: var(--accent-blue);
    transform: scale(1.3);
}

/* About Us Section */
.about-content {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: left;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-blue);
}

.about-content p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.9;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

.about-content p strong {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.about-content p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.hero h1 {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
    font-weight: 800;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    opacity: 0.9;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.hero-description {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    opacity: 0.8;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.cta-buttons {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn {
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    border-radius: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--white);
    border: 2px solid var(--white);
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Container */
.container {
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Sections */
.section {
    padding: 5rem 0;
    position: relative;
}

.section-no-top-padding {
    padding-top: 0;
}

.section-alt {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #f1f5f9 50%, #f8fafc 100%);
}

.section-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
    position: relative;
}

.section-title {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -10px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 80px;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-blue), var(--secondary-blue));
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.section-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 1.5rem auto 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Stats Section */
.stats {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 4rem 0;
}

.stat-card {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(16,24,40,0.08);
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.stat-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-blue), var(--secondary-blue));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.stat-card:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.stat-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(16,24,40,0.16);
    border-color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.stat-number {
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-blue), var(--secondary-blue));
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.stat-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
}

/* Cards */
.card-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.card-icon {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    background: var(--gradient);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.card h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.card p {
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Faculty Grid */
.faculty-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

/* Vertical stacked list variant: one card per row with left avatar and right details */
.faculty-grid.vertical-list {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: center; /* center cards horizontally */
}

/* Unified compact faculty card */
.faculty-card {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.99), rgba(250,250,252,0.99));
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(18,38,77,0.04);
    transition: transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
    border-left: 4px solid rgba(59,130,246,0.06);
    display: block;
}

.faculty-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.002);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(18,38,77,0.08);
    border-left-color: var(--secondary-blue);
}

.faculty-header {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.faculty-avatar {
    width: 150px;
    height: 150px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(10,30,60,0.06);
}

.faculty-avatar img { width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:fill; display:block; }

/* Special styling for Prof. K V Krishna Rao: square, fitted, and centered */

.faculty-info h3 { font-size: 1.02rem; margin: 0 0 0.12rem 0; color: var(--dark-blue); font-weight:700; }
.faculty-position { color: var(--primary-blue); font-weight:600; margin-bottom:0.2rem; font-size:0.92rem; }

.faculty-contact { display:flex; align-items: start; gap:0.6rem; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; font-size:0.92rem; color:var(--text-light); }
.faculty-contact span, .faculty-contact a { 
    display:inline-flex; 
    gap:0.45rem; 
    align-items:center; 
    color:var(--text-light);
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    max-width: 100%;
}
.faculty-contact a { 
    color:var(--primary-blue); 
    text-decoration:none;
    word-break: break-word;
}

.faculty-research { margin-top:0.6rem; padding-top:0.6rem; border-top:1px dashed var(--border-color); }
.research-title { font-weight:700; font-size:0.95rem; margin-bottom:0.35rem; color:var(--text-dark); }
.research-areas { 
    font-size:0.92rem; 
    line-height:1.45; 
    color:var(--text-light);
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

/* Final overrides for vertical list: align contact icons and tighten spacing */
.faculty-grid.vertical-list {
    gap: 1.5rem; /* spacing between cards */
}

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-card {
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem; /* slightly tighter */
    border-left-width: 5px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 880px; /* constrain width so it sits centered */
    margin: 0 auto; /* center each card */
    text-align: left; /* keep text left-aligned by default */
}

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-avatar {
    width: 150px; /* make avatars larger and square */
    height: 150px;
    border-radius: 8px; /* subtle rounding */
    margin: 0 auto 0.6rem; /* center avatar horizontally and add spacing */
    display: block;
}

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-header { gap: 0.6rem; }

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.28rem;
    margin-top: 2px;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact > span,
.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact > a {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    align-items: center;
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact i {
    min-width: 20px;
    width: 20px;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--secondary-blue);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact a { 
    color: var(--primary-blue); 
    word-break: break-word;
}

/* Make sure small screens still readable */
@media (max-width: 520px) {
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list {
        gap: 1rem !important;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-avatar { 
        width: 72px; 
        height: 72px; 
        border-radius: 8px; 
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem; 
    }
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact { 
        gap: 0.35rem; 
    }
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-card { 
        padding: 0.85rem; 
        max-width: 100%;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-info {
        text-align: center;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-info h3 {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
    }
    
    .faculty-position {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact {
        align-items: center;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact > span,
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact > a {
        font-size: 0.82rem;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
        max-width: 100%;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact a {
        word-break: break-all;
    }
    
    .research-areas {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        line-height: 1.4;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
    }
}

/* Medium screens: tablets between 521px and 719px */
@media (min-width: 521px) and (max-width: 719px) {
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list {
        gap: 1.25rem !important;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-avatar {
        margin: 0 auto 0.75rem;
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-info {
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact {
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-card {
        padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
}

/* Desktop: place avatar to the left and keep content left-aligned; small screens still stack */
@media (min-width: 720px) {
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-header {
        flex-direction: row; /* avatar left, content on the right */
        align-items: center;
        text-align: left;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-avatar {
        margin: 0 1rem 0 0; /* keep avatar on the left with space to the right */
        display: block;
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-info {
        text-align: left;
        flex: 1;
        min-width: 0;
    }

    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-info h3,
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-position,
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-contact {
        text-align: left;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
}

/* Responsive: stack avatar above details on small screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .faculty-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 0.75rem;
    }

    .faculty-avatar {
        width: 90px;
        height: 90px;
        border-radius: 8px;
    }

    .faculty-contact span { 
        font-size: 0.95rem; 
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list {
        gap: 1.25rem !important;
    }
    
    .faculty-grid.vertical-list .faculty-card {
        padding: 1rem;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .faculty-info h3 {
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
    }
    
    .faculty-contact > span,
    .faculty-contact > a {
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
    }
}

.faculty-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.faculty-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.faculty-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.faculty-avatar {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--gradient);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.faculty-info h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.faculty-position {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.faculty-contact {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: start;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

.faculty-research {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.research-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.research-areas {
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Styles for research lists and awards lists in faculty pages */
.faculty-research ul.research-areas {
    list-style: disc;
    margin: 0.4rem 0 0 1.1rem;
    padding: 0;
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.faculty-research ol {
    margin: 0.6rem 0 0 1.2rem;
    padding: 0;
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.faculty-research ol li {
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

/* Image Slideshow */
.slideshow-container {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 3rem 0;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.slide {
    position: absolute;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 1.5s ease-in-out;
}

.slide.active {
    opacity: 1;
}

.slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.slide-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0,0,0,0.7));
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
}

.slide-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* News Grid */
.news-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.news-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.news-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.news-date {
    background: var(--light-blue);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.news-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.news-card p {
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Scoped tweaks for dedicated news page to resemble reference layout */
.news-page .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.news-page .news-card {
    display: block;
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
}

.news-page .news-card h3 {
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.news-page .news-card img {
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.news-page .news-date {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.news-page .read-more { margin-top: 0.75rem; }

/* Improved news page layout */
.news-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    align-items: start;
}


.news-featured {
    padding: 0 1rem 0 1rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 420px;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 0.75rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.news-featured .featured-media img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.news-featured .featured-body {
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.news-featured h2 {
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 1.6rem;
}

.news-featured .lead {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.more-news-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.news-card {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    background: var(--white);
}

.news-card .thumb { flex-shrink: 0; }
.news-card .thumb img { width: 140px; height: 96px; object-fit: cover; border-radius:6px; }
.news-card .news-meta { flex: 1; }
.news-card h4 { margin: 0.15rem 0; font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--primary-blue); }
.news-card p { margin: 0.35rem 0; color: var(--text-light); }

.news-sidebar .sidebar-box { background: var(--white); border-radius: 8px; padding: 1rem; border:1px solid var(--border-color); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.news-sidebar h4 { margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0; color: var(--primary-blue); }

.mini-news { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; gap: 0.7rem; }
.mini-news li { display:flex; gap:0.75rem; align-items:center; }
.mini-news img { width:56px; height:40px; object-fit:cover; border-radius:4px; flex-shrink:0; }
.mini-date { font-size:0.82rem; color:var(--text-light); margin-bottom:0.2rem; }
.mini-news a { color:var(--text-dark); font-weight:600; text-decoration:none; }

.sidebar-links { list-style:none; padding:0; margin:0; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0.5rem; }
.sidebar-links a { text-decoration:none; color:var(--text-dark); }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
    .news-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .news-featured { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Styles for individual generated news article pages */
.news-page .news-article {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 2.25rem auto;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.news-page .news-article .news-date {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.news-page .news-article h1 {
    font-size: 1.9rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin: 0.3rem 0 0.5rem 0;
}
.news-page .news-article .lead {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.news-page .featured-media {
    margin: 1rem 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--light-gray);
}
.news-page .featured-media img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 520px;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.news-page .article-content {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.85;
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.news-page .article-content p { margin: 0.8rem 0; color: var(--text-light); }
.news-page .article-content img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); margin: 1rem 0; }
.news-page .article-content h2, .news-page .article-content h3 { color: var(--text-dark); margin-top: 1.25rem; }

.news-page .back-to-news {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
    .news-page .news-article { padding: 1rem; margin: 1rem; }
    .news-page .news-article h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
    .news-featured .featured-media img { max-height: 360px; }
}


/* Three-column block: News | About Us | Spotlights improvements */
.three-col {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 550px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.three-col .col { 
    display: block;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(16,24,40,0.08);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.three-col .col:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(16,24,40,0.12);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.col-title {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent-blue);
    position: relative;
}

.col-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -3px;
    left: 0;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--secondary-blue);
}

/* News list (left column) */
.news-list {
    display: block;
}

.news-list-item {
    display: block;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #ffffff 100%);
    border-radius: 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(16,24,40,0.05);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    margin-bottom: 0.875rem;
}

.news-list-item:hover {
    transform: translateX(4px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(16,24,40,0.12);
    border-left-color: var(--secondary-blue);
}

.news-list-item img {
    display: none;
}

.news-list-content { 
    flex: 1; 
}

.news-list-date {
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.news-list h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.4rem 0;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.news-list-item:hover h4 {
    color: var(--secondary-blue);
}

.news-list p {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.read-more {
    display: inline-block;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.read-more:hover {
    color: var(--secondary-blue);
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* About Us column (middle) */
.col-about {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff 0%, #ffffff 100%);
}

.about-content-compact {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.about-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.875rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.1);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(16,24,40,0.06);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.about-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 4px;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-blue), var(--secondary-blue));
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.about-card:hover {
    transform: translateX(4px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(16,24,40,0.12);
    border-color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.about-card:hover::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

.about-icon {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-blue), var(--secondary-blue));
    border-radius: 12px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.2);
}

.about-icon i {
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.about-card h4 {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
}

.about-card p {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin: 0;
}

.about-card strong {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
}

/* Spotlights column (right) */
.col-spotlights .spotlight-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 1.75rem;
    border-top: 5px solid var(--secondary-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(16,24,40,0.1);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.col-spotlights .spotlight-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.05), transparent);
    transition: left 0.5s ease;
}

.col-spotlights .spotlight-card:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.col-spotlights .spotlight-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(16,24,40,0.15);
    border-top-color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.spotlight-top { 
    color: var(--primary-blue); 
    font-weight: 700; 
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.spotlight-image {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 1rem 0 1rem 0;
}

.spotlight-image img {
    width: 130px;
    height: 130px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 6px solid var(--white);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(16,24,40,0.15);
    display: block;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.col-spotlights .spotlight-card:hover .spotlight-image img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(16,24,40,0.2);
}

.spotlight-caption {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Responsive tweaks */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .three-col { 
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; 
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    .col-about { 
        grid-column: 1 / -1; 
        order: 1;
    }
    .col-news { order: 2; }
    .col-spotlights { order: 3; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .three-col { 
        grid-template-columns: 1fr; 
        gap: 2rem; 
    }
    
    .col-about { order: 2; }
    .col-news { order: 1; }
    .col-spotlights { order: 3; }
    
    .three-col .col {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .news-list-item { 
        padding: 0.875rem 1rem;
    }
    
    .spotlight-image img { 
        width: 110px; 
        height: 110px; 
    }
    
    .col-title {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .about-card {
        padding: 1.25rem;
    }
    
    .three-col .col {
        padding: 1.25rem;
    }
}


/* Timeline / History Section */

.timeline {
    position: relative;
    padding: 1rem 0 0.5rem 0;
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    grid-column: 2 / 3;
    width: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(30,58,138,0.12), rgba(30,58,138,0.18));
    justify-self: center;
    align-self: stretch;
    border-radius: 2px;
    z-index: 0;
}

.timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    color: var(--text-dark);
    z-index: 1; /* sit above the center line */
}

.timeline-item h3 {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.timeline-item p {
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
    margin: 0;
}
/* Explicit row layout for timeline rows */
.timeline-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 44px 1fr;
    column-gap: 1rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.timeline-row-left .timeline-item {
    grid-column: 1;
}

.timeline-row-left .timeline-center {
    grid-column: 2;
}

.timeline-row-right .timeline-center {
    grid-column: 2;
}

.timeline-row-right .timeline-item {
    grid-column: 3;
}

.timeline-center {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: flex-start;
    position: relative;
}

.timeline-dot {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 10px;
    height: 10px;
    background: var(--primary-blue);
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(30,58,138,0.18);
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    top: 1.25rem;
}

.timeline-item.left { justify-self: end; max-width: calc(100% - 44px - 2rem); }
.timeline-item.right { justify-self: start; max-width: calc(100% - 44px - 2rem); }

/* Vertical center line spanning rows */
.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 0.5rem;
    bottom: 0.5rem;
    width: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(30,58,138,0.12), rgba(30,58,138,0.18));
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border-radius: 2px;
    z-index: 0;
}

/* Responsive: stack items and move line to left */
@media (max-width: 880px) {
    .timeline-row { grid-template-columns: 28px 1fr; }
    .timeline::before { left: 28px; transform: none; }
    .timeline-center { justify-content: flex-start; }
    .timeline-row-left .timeline-center,
    .timeline-row-right .timeline-center { grid-column: 1; }
    .timeline-row-left .timeline-item,
    .timeline-row-right .timeline-item { grid-column: 2; }
    .timeline-dot { margin-top: 0.9rem; }
    .timeline-item.left, .timeline-item.right { max-width: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
    .timeline-row { grid-template-columns: 20px 1fr; }
    .timeline::before { left: 20px; }
    .timeline-dot { margin-top: 0.8rem; width: 10px; height: 10px; }
    .timeline-item { padding-left: 0.6rem; }
    .timeline-item h3 { font-size: 1rem; }
    .timeline-item p { font-size: 0.92rem; }
}

/* Slightly reduce box shadow and tighten spacing for dense layout */
.dense .timeline-item { padding: 0.8rem 1rem; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(12,38,77,0.06); }

/* ensure rows have comfortable spacing to avoid dot overlap */
.timeline-row { margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }

/* remove per-side dot offsets — dots are centered on the line */

/* Tighter section spacing specifically for the history section */
#history { padding: 2.5rem 0; }
#history .section-header { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
#history .section-title { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
#history .timeline { row-gap: 0.9rem; padding-top: 0.25rem; }


.read-more {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    transition: gap 0.3s ease;
}

.read-more:hover {
    gap: 1rem;
}

/* Table Styles */
.table-container {
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    max-width: 100%;
}

.modern-table {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 600px;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    background: var(--white);
}

.modern-table th {
    background: var(--gradient);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    text-align: left;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.modern-table td {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    vertical-align: top;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.modern-table tr:hover {
    background: var(--light-gray);
}

/* Contact Form */
.contact-form {
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 3rem;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.form-group label {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group textarea,
.form-group select {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 2px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
    font-family: inherit;
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus,
.form-group select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--secondary-blue);
}

.form-group textarea {
    height: 120px;
    resize: vertical;
}

/* Student Cards */
.student-card {
    text-align: center;
}

.student-photo {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.student-photo img {
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
}

.student-info h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.student-details {
    text-align: left;
    padding: 0 1rem;
}

.student-details p {
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
}

.student-details strong {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
}

/* LinkedIn Articles Styling */
.linkedin-articles {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
}

.linkedin-article-card {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.linkedin-article-card:hover {
    transform: translateX(5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.linkedin-article-card a {
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.linkedin-article-card a:hover {
    color: var(--dark-blue) !important;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for LinkedIn articles */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .linkedin-articles {
        margin-top: 1.5rem;
        padding-top: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .linkedin-article-card {
        padding: 0.75rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
    }
    
    .linkedin-article-card h5 {
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    }
    
    .linkedin-article-card p {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    }
}

/* Student card responsiveness */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .student-photo img {
        height: 180px !important;
    }
    
    .student-details {
        padding: 0 0.5rem;
    }
}

/* Alumni Table Styles */
.alumni-table-container {
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

.alumni-table {
    min-width: 800px;
}

.alumni-table thead th {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 10;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.alumni-table tbody tr:hover {
    background: var(--light-blue) !important;
}

.alumni-controls input,
.alumni-controls select {
    transition: border-color 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.alumni-controls input:focus,
.alumni-controls select:focus {
    border-color: var(--secondary-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
    outline: none;
}

/* Responsive Alumni Table */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .alumni-controls > div {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    
    .alumni-table {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        min-width: 600px;
    }
    
    .alumni-table th,
    .alumni-table td {
        padding: 0.75rem !important;
    }
    
    .alumni-table thead th:nth-child(2),
    .alumni-table tbody td:nth-child(2) {
        max-width: 200px;
        overflow: hidden;
        text-overflow: ellipsis;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }
}

/* Focus states for accessibility */
a:focus,
button:focus,
input:focus,
textarea:focus,
select:focus {
    /* outline: 2px solid var(--secondary-blue);
    outline-offset: 2px; */
}

/* Improved button hover states */
.btn {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn:active {
    transform: scale(0.98);
}

/* Card hover improvements */
.card,
.faculty-card,
.student-card,
.news-list-item {
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

/* Section transitions */
.section {
    transition: opacity 0.5s ease;
}

/* Smooth image loading */
img {
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

/* img[loading="lazy"] {
    opacity: 0;
} */

img[loading="lazy"].loaded {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
    background: var(--text-dark);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
}

.footer-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.footer-links-container {
    display: flex;
    gap: 3rem;
    margin-left: auto;
}

.footer-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--white);
}

.footer-section p,
.footer-section li {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.footer-section ul {
    list-style: none;
}

.footer-section a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.footer-section a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.footer-section a i {
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding-top: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

/* Page Header */
.page-header {
    background: var(--gradient);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
}

.page-header h1 {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--white);
}

.page-header p {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    opacity: 0.9;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Animations */
.fade-in {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    /* Mobile Navbar */
    .navbar {
        padding: 0.5rem 0;
    }
    
    .nav-container {
        padding: 0 1rem;
    }
    
    .logo {
        font-size: 1rem;
        gap: 0.5rem;
        z-index: 1001;
        position: relative;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        max-width: calc(100% - 80px);
        flex-shrink: 1;
    }
    
    .logo .iitb-logo {
        height: 40px !important;
    }
    
    .logo span {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        line-height: 1.2;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
        max-width: 140px;
    }
    
    .nav-menu {
        position: fixed !important;
        top: 0 !important;
        right: -100% !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        height: 100vh !important;
        background: rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.98) !important;
        backdrop-filter: blur(10px) !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        justify-content: flex-start !important;
        padding-top: 80px !important;
        transition: right 0.3s ease !important;
        z-index: 999 !important;
        overflow-y: auto !important;
        overflow-x: hidden !important;
        display: flex !important;
    }

    .nav-menu.active {
        right: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .nav-menu li {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
        margin: 0.5rem 0;
    }
    
    .nav-menu > li > a,
    .nav-menu > li > .dropdown-toggle {
        display: block;
        padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        width: 100%;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
    }

    /* Mobile Dropdown Styles */
    .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
        box-shadow: none;
        border: none;
        margin: 0.5rem auto;
        width: 90%;
        min-width: auto;
        display: none;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        transition: max-height 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease;
        border-radius: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .dropdown-menu.show {
        display: block;
        max-height: 500px;
        padding: 0.5rem 0;
    }

    .dropdown-menu a {
        color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
        padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
        margin: 0.2rem 0;
        border-radius: 0.3rem;
        font-size: 1rem;
        display: block;
    }

    .dropdown-menu a:hover {
        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
        color: var(--white);
        transform: none;
    }

    .hamburger {
        display: flex;
        z-index: 1001;
        position: relative;
    }

    .hamburger.active span:nth-child(1) {
        transform: rotate(45deg) translate(5px, 5px);
    }

    .hamburger.active span:nth-child(2) {
        opacity: 0;
    }

    .hamburger.active span:nth-child(3) {
        transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(7px, -6px);
    }

    /* Mobile Hero Section */
    .hero {
        height: 70vh;
        min-height: 400px;
        margin-top: 50px;
    }
    
    .carousel-nav {
        padding: 0 1rem;
    }
    
    .carousel-prev,
    .carousel-next {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .carousel-dots {
        bottom: 1rem;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .dot {
        width: 10px;
        height: 10px;
    }

    /* Mobile Content */
    .section {
        padding: 3rem 0;
    }
    
    .container {
        padding: 0 1rem;
        max-width: 100%;
        overflow-x: hidden;
    }
    
    .section-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
    }
    
    .about-content p {
        font-size: 1rem;
        line-height: 1.6;
        text-align: left;
    }

    .faculty-grid,
    .card-grid,
    .news-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .card {
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }

    .cta-buttons {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .stats {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .stat-card {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .stat-number {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
    }

    .contact-form {
        margin: 0 1rem;
        padding: 2rem;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .footer-links-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        margin-left: 0;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    /* Extra Small Mobile */
    .navbar {
        padding: 0.4rem 0;
    }
    
    .nav-container {
        padding: 0 0.75rem;
        max-width: 100%;
    }
    
    .logo {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        gap: 0.3rem;
        max-width: calc(100% - 80px);
        flex-shrink: 1;
    }
    
    .logo .iitb-logo {
        height: 35px !important;
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    
    .logo span {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
        line-height: 1.2;
        word-wrap: break-word;
        overflow-wrap: break-word;
        max-width: 100px;
    }
    
    .nav-menu {
        padding-top: 70px;
    }
    
    .nav-menu > li > a,
    .nav-menu > li > .dropdown-toggle {
        padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    
    .dropdown-menu a {
        padding: 0.65rem 1.2rem;
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }
    
    .container {
        padding: 0 0.8rem;
    }
    
    .hero {
        margin-top: 55px;
        height: 60vh;
        min-height: 350px;
    }
    
    .hero {
        margin-top: 50px;
        height: 70vh;
        min-height: 400px;
    }
    
    .carousel-prev,
    .carousel-next {
        width: 35px;
        height: 35px;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
    }
    
    .carousel-dots {
        bottom: 0.8rem;
        gap: 0.4rem;
    }
    
    .dot {
        width: 8px;
        height: 8px;
    }
    
    .section {
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }
    
    .section-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    }
    
    .about-content p {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }

    .stats {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 0.8rem;
    }
    
    .stat-card {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    
    .stat-number {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .faculty-grid,
    .card-grid,
    .news-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .faculty-card,
    .card,
    .news-card {
        padding: 1.2rem;
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .contact-form {
        margin: 0 0.5rem;
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* Additional global responsive improvements */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    /* Make images and videos fluid */
    img, video, iframe {
        max-width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        display: block;
    }

    /* Reduce container padding on smaller viewports */
    .container { padding: 0 1rem; }

    /* Ensure all multi-column grids collapse to one column */
    .news-layout, .news-featured, .more-news-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: block !important;
    }
    
    .card-grid, .faculty-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: grid !important;
        gap: 1.25rem;
    }
    
    /* Three-col handled by its own responsive rules */
    .three-col {
        display: grid !important;
    }

    /* Stack footer and make links easier to tap */
    .footer-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
    .footer-links-container ul { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }

    /* Improve article readability on mobile */
    .news-page .news-article { margin: 1rem auto; padding: 1rem; }
    .news-page .news-article h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.25; }
    .news-page .article-content { font-size: 0.98rem; line-height: 1.8; }

    /* Make touch targets larger */
    .btn, .read-more, .back-to-news { padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem; border-radius: 8px; }

}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
    .logo img.iitb-logo { height: 44px; }
    .page-header .container h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
    .news-page .news-article h1 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
}

/* Dense layout tweaks (compact, similar to reference) */
body.dense .section { padding: 3rem 0; }
body.dense .section-no-top-padding { padding-top: 0; }
body.dense .section-header { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
body.dense .card, body.dense .news-card, body.dense .faculty-card { padding: 1.25rem; }
body.dense .stat-card { padding: 1rem; }
body.dense .hero { min-height: 60vh; }

/* News ticker */
.news-ticker { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(30,58,138,0.98), rgba(59,130,246,0.95)); color: white; padding: 0.5rem 0; }
.ticker-wrapper { max-width: 1400px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; overflow: hidden; }
.ticker-track { display: flex; gap: 3rem; white-space: nowrap; align-items: center; animation: ticker 18s linear infinite; }
.ticker-item { display: inline-block; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95); font-weight: 600; }

@keyframes ticker {
    0% { transform: translateX(0%); }
    100% { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}

/* Events carousel small tweak */
.events-carousel { display: flex; gap: 1rem; overflow: hidden; }
.events-carousel .card { min-width: 300px; flex: 0 0 auto; }

/* Slightly denser gallery */
.gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(160px, 1fr)); gap: 0.75rem; }
.gallery-item img { height: 140px; }

/* Make section titles slightly smaller in dense mode */
body.dense .section-title { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); }
body.dense .page-intro-header .section-title { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem); }
body.dense .page-intro-header .section-subtitle { font-size: 1.2rem; }



/* Thesis list styling */
.thesis-list ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}
.thesis-list li {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 0.98rem;
}
.thesis-list li strong { color: var(--primary-blue); }



/* Scroll behavior */
html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Loading animation */
.loading {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);
    border-radius: 50%;
    border-top-color: var(--white);
    animation: spin 1s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
    to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}
/* Gallery & Spotlight additions */
.gallery-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.gallery-item {
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 0.75rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    cursor: pointer;
    background: var(--white);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.gallery-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 160px;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.35s ease, filter 0.35s ease;
    display: block;
}

.gallery-item:hover img,
.gallery-item:focus-within img {
    transform: scale(1.06);
    filter: brightness(0.98);
}

.gallery-caption {
    padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.9), rgba(250,250,252,0.95));
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.gallery-item:focus {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(59,130,246,0.18);
    outline-offset: 4px;
}

/* Two-column gallery layout: left side navigation buttons and right side photo panel */
.gallery-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 320px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
    margin: 2rem 0 3rem 0;
}

.gallery-sidenav {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.gallery-tab {
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    text-align: left;
    border-radius: 0.6rem;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.18s ease, transform 0.12s ease;
}

.gallery-tab:hover {
    background: var(--light-gray);
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.gallery-tab.active {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(59,130,246,0.08), rgba(96,165,250,0.06));
    border-left: 4px solid var(--secondary-blue);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.gallery-panel {
    min-height: 120px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .gallery-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .gallery-sidenav { flex-direction: row; overflow-x: auto; gap: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; }
    .gallery-tab { white-space: nowrap; padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem; }
}

.lightbox {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    z-index: 2000;
    padding: 2rem;
}

.lightbox[aria-hidden="false"] {
    display: flex;
}

.lightbox-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    max-width: 95vw;
}

.lightbox-content img {
    max-width: 90vw;
    max-height: 75vh;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.lightbox-meta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 900px;
    color: var(--white);
}

.lightbox-caption {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-align: left;
}

.lightbox-counter {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Thumbnail strip inside lightbox */
.lightbox-thumbnails {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 1.5rem;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    max-width: 90vw;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.6rem;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
}

.lightbox-thumbnails img {
    width: 72px;
    height: 48px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 4px;
    opacity: 0.8;
    cursor: pointer;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
}

.lightbox-thumbnails img[aria-current="true"],
.lightbox-thumbnails img:focus {
    opacity: 1;
    border-color: var(--accent-blue);
}

.lightbox-close,
.lightbox-prev,
.lightbox-next {
    position: absolute;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    border: none;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.lightbox-close { top: 2rem; right: 2rem; }
.lightbox-prev { left: 2rem; }
.lightbox-next { right: 2rem; }

/* Small tweak to news and cards spacing */
.news-grid { margin-top: 2rem; }
.card-grid .card { min-height: 140px; }

/* Accessibility focus states */
.lightbox-close:focus, .lightbox-prev:focus, .lightbox-next:focus, .read-more:focus {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(59,130,246,0.3);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Back to Top Button */
.back-to-top {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 2rem;
    right: 2rem;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    background: var(--gradient);
    color: var(--white);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1000;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
}

.back-to-top.show {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

.back-to-top:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.back-to-top:active {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .gallery-item img { height: 160px; }
    .lightbox-prev { left: 1rem; }
    .lightbox-next { right: 1rem; }
    
    /* Hero improvements for mobile */
    .hero {
        height: 50vh;
        min-height: 350px;
        margin-top: 50px;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .carousel-prev,
    .carousel-next {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .carousel-nav {
        padding: 0 1rem;
    }
    
    .carousel-dots {
        bottom: 1rem;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .dot {
        width: 10px;
        height: 10px;
    }
    
    /* Improve stats cards on mobile */
    .stats {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .stat-card {
        padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    }
    
    /* Better three-column layout on mobile */
    .three-col {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    /* Timeline improvements */
    .timeline-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .timeline-item.left,
    .timeline-item.right {
        grid-column: 1;
    }
    
    .timeline-item.empty {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .timeline-center {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
    .stats {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .hero {
        height: 40vh;
        min-height: 300px;
    }
}

/* Enhanced Animations */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

@keyframes slideInLeft {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(-30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

@keyframes slideInRight {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

@keyframes pulse {
    0%, 100% {
        opacity: 1;
    }
    50% {
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
}

/* Apply animations to elements */
.fade-in {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out forwards;
}

.news-list-item,
.about-card,
.spotlight-card {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease-out backwards;
}

.news-list-item:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.news-list-item:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.news-list-item:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.news-list-item:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }

.about-card:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.about-card:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.about-card:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.about-card:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.about-card:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

.spotlight-card:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.spotlight-card:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.spotlight-card:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }

.stat-card {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out backwards;
}

.stat-card:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.stat-card:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.stat-card:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.stat-card:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.stat-card:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

/* Smooth transitions for all interactive elements */
a, button, .card, .news-list-item, .about-card, .spotlight-card {
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

/* Prefers reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}

/* Lab Facilities Styles */
.lab-tabs {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin: 3rem 0 2rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.lab-tab {
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 2px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.lab-tab:hover {
    border-color: var(--secondary-blue);
    color: var(--secondary-blue);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.lab-tab.active {
    background: var(--gradient);
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: transparent;
}

.instruments-container {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.category-section {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.category-toggle {
    width: 100%;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: left;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    outline: none;
}

.category-toggle:focus {
    outline: none;
    border: none;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.category-toggle:active {
    outline: none;
    border: none;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.category-toggle:hover .category-title {
    color: var(--secondary-blue);
}

.category-toggle:hover {
    padding-left: 0.5rem;
}

.category-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--secondary-blue);
    font-weight: 700;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.toggle-icon {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.category-instruments {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.category-section {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.instrument-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    align-items: start;
}

.instrument-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.instrument-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    background: var(--light-gray);
}

.instrument-image-placeholder {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: var(--light-blue);
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1rem;
}

.instrument-placeholder-logo {
    width: min(72%, 220px);
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.instrument-details-left,
.instrument-details-right {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.8rem;
}

.instrument-name {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.detail-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.3rem;
}

.detail-label {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-light);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.detail-value {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Responsive Design for Instrument Cards */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .instrument-card {
        grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .instrument-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .instrument-image,
    .instrument-image-placeholder {
        height: 300px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .lab-tabs {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .lab-tab {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .category-title {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .instrument-name {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
}

/* News refresh */
.news-fetch-state {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    min-height: 160px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.72), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98));
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
}

.news-loading-spinner {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 4px solid rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.16);
    border-top-color: var(--primary-blue);
    animation: newsSpinnerRotate 0.85s linear infinite;
}

.news-fetch-error i {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.news-status-list-item {
    list-style: none;
}

@keyframes newsSpinnerRotate {
    to {
        transform: rotate(360deg);
    }
}

.contact-toast {
    position: fixed;
    right: 1.25rem;
    bottom: 1.25rem;
    width: min(100% - 2rem, 420px);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
    transform: translateY(16px);
    transition: opacity 0.25s ease, visibility 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease;
    z-index: 3000;
}

.contact-toast.is-open {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.contact-toast-panel {
    position: relative;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
    padding: 1.15rem 1.15rem 1.1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.2);
    border: 1px solid rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.25);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.contact-toast-panel.is-error {
    border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.28);
}

.contact-toast-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.55rem;
    right: 0.55rem;
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--light-gray);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.contact-toast-icon {
    width: 52px;
    height: 52px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.12), rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2));
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.35rem;
}

.contact-toast-panel.is-error .contact-toast-icon {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.12), rgba(248, 113, 113, 0.2));
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.contact-toast-content {
    padding-right: 2rem;
}

.contact-toast-panel h4 {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.contact-toast-panel.is-error h4 {
    color: #b91c1c;
}

.contact-toast-panel p {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.contact-consent {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    margin: 1rem 0 1.2rem;
    padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 0.9rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.6), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96));
    border: 1px solid rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.22);
}

.contact-checkbox {
    width: 1.15rem;
    height: 1.15rem;
    margin-top: 0.15rem;
    accent-color: var(--primary-blue);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.contact-submit-btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.95rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 0.95rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-blue), var(--secondary-blue));
    color: var(--white);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.22);
}

.contact-submit-btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 34px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.28);
}

.contact-submit-btn:disabled {
    opacity: 0.78;
    cursor: not-allowed;
    transform: none;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .contact-toast {
        left: 1rem;
        right: 1rem;
        width: auto;
        bottom: 1rem;
    }
}

.news-kicker {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.7rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
    color: var(--dark-blue);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-home-shell {
    display: grid;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.news-home-featured-card,
.news-card-link,
.news-list-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.news-home-featured-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.75), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98));
    border: 1px solid rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.35);
    border-radius: 1rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.08);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.news-home-featured-card:hover,
.news-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.12);
}

.news-home-featured-media {
    min-height: 220px;
    background: var(--light-gray);
}

.news-home-featured-media img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.news-home-featured-body {
    padding: 0 1.25rem 1.35rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.6rem;
}

.news-home-featured-body h4 {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.news-home-featured-body p {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin: 0;
}

.news-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.875rem;
}

.news-list-item {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.news-list-link {
    display: block;
}

.news-home-more {
    margin-top: 0.1rem;
}

.news-layout {
    gap: 2rem;
}

.news-featured {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(320px, 0.9fr);
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.08);
}

.news-featured .featured-media {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 320px;
}

.featured-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    left: 1rem;
    bottom: 1rem;
}

.featured-label {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.72);
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-featured .featured-body {
    padding: 1.75rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.8rem;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.98));
}

.news-featured h2 {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-top: 0;
}

.news-featured .lead {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-top: 0;
}

.news-grid-header {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.news-grid-header h3 {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.55rem;
}

.news-filter select {
    min-width: 220px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 0.85rem;
    padding: 0.8rem 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    background: var(--white);
    font-family: inherit;
}

.more-news-grid {
    margin-top: 1.4rem;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.news-card {
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.06);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.news-card-link {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100%;
}

.news-card .thumb img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 210px;
    border-radius: 0;
}

.news-card .news-meta {
    padding: 1.15rem 1.15rem 1.25rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.55rem;
}

.news-card h4 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.news-card p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.news-sidebar .sidebar-box {
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 1.15rem;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.05);
}

.sidebar-links li {
    list-style: none;
}

.sidebar-links a {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
    border-radius: 0.75rem;
    background: var(--light-gray);
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.sidebar-links a:hover,
.sidebar-links a.active {
    background: var(--light-blue);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.sidebar-note {
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.news-empty-state {
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(219, 234, 254, 0.7), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.98));
    color: var(--text-dark);
    border: 1px dashed rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.4);
}

.news-page .news-article {
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.08);
}

.news-page .news-article h1 {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.news-page .news-article .lead,
.news-page .article-content p {
    color: var(--text-dark);
}

.news-page .news-article-head {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.7rem;
}

.news-page .article-source {
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.news-page .back-to-news {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .news-featured {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
    .news-grid-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    .news-filter select {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .news-home-featured-media {
        min-height: 180px;
    }

    .news-card .thumb img {
        height: 190px;
    }
}